RMS. If you see ripples on a pond, how do you describe their height? In some sense, the height of an average ripple is more important than the height of one ripple, but because there is a valley in between each pair of peaks (and a peak between each pair of valleys) the real average height is zero (relative to the water level when there are no ripples). In other words, measuring average wave height over time is useless.
There are two ways around this difficulty. The most obvious is to ignore the valleys and just measure the peaks (one method mentioned by v-dog). Although this is conceptually simple, it turns out not to be easy to measure under most circumstances, and also not particularly useful.
The other way to avoid the difficulty is to square the height before averaging it. Remember that when you multiply two negative numbers the result is positive, so the square of the height is always positive, so the average of the squares has real meaning - it turns out to measure the energy in the wave. If you want to quote the average as a height (I.e. in inches rather than square inches, which may sound odd) you have to take the square root - so the height you quote is the Root of the Mean (average) of the Square - RMS.
As is often the case in math/science, a fairly simple situation like this turns out to be related to a much more complex situation. In quantum mechanics, the probability of finding a particular situation (called a 'state') turns out to be like energy - the square of something more fundamental, the 'probability amplitude'. Or perhaps the relationship is more apparent than real - the only model that scientists had that gave even an approximately correct way of predicting quantum events was the familiar picture of ripples on a pond.
By the way, has anyone ever noticed that when you throw a rock into a pond, the sound comes back in one pulse, but there are many ripples on the surface of the water, the first ripple being the highest? I learned why in my recent Partial Differential Equations class - in an odd number of dimensions (like our three-dimensional space) waves propagate at a single speed, but in an even number of dimensions (like a two-dimensional water surface) there is a 'residue' that travels more slowly. In a two-dimensional (or four-dimensional) world we could neither see nor hear.
V-dog may have experienced that sound quality is very different if it propagates in a space in which one dimension is very small.
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John
www.caseint.com/john"I'm not sure of much of anything these days. Maybe that's why I talk so much." Robert Persig - Zen and the art of Motorcycle Maintenance